For free scalar fields in any Gaussian state, the modular Hamiltonian restricted to a region is determined by the equal-time two-point functions X and Π via M=Π^{1/2}B^{-1}arcoth(2B)Π^{1/2}, N=Π^{-1/2}B arcoth(2B)Π^{-1/2}, B=sqrt(Π^{1/2}XΠ^{1/2}).
On the mass dependence of the modular operator for a double cone
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We present a numerical approximation scheme for the Tomita-Takesaki modular operator of local subalgebras in linear quantum fields, working at one-particle level. This is applied to the local subspaces for double cones in the vacuum sector of a massive scalar free field in (1 + 1)- and (3 + 1)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime, using a discretization of time-0 data in position space. In the case of a wedge region, one component of the modular generator is well-known to be a mass-independent multiplication operator; our results strongly suggest that for the double cone, the corresponding component is still at least close to a multiplication operator, but that it is dependent on mass and angular momentum.
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Relating the modular Hamiltonian to two-point functions
For free scalar fields in any Gaussian state, the modular Hamiltonian restricted to a region is determined by the equal-time two-point functions X and Π via M=Π^{1/2}B^{-1}arcoth(2B)Π^{1/2}, N=Π^{-1/2}B arcoth(2B)Π^{-1/2}, B=sqrt(Π^{1/2}XΠ^{1/2}).