An example-tied dropout layer that drops per-example memorizing neurons at inference improves worst-group accuracy across five spurious-correlation benchmarks.
Distribution Density, Tails, and Outliers in Machine Learning: Metrics and Applications
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abstract
We develop techniques to quantify the degree to which a given (training or testing) example is an outlier in the underlying distribution. We evaluate five methods to score examples in a dataset by how well-represented the examples are, for different plausible definitions of "well-represented", and apply these to four common datasets: MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, CIFAR-10, and ImageNet. Despite being independent approaches, we find all five are highly correlated, suggesting that the notion of being well-represented can be quantified. Among other uses, we find these methods can be combined to identify (a) prototypical examples (that match human expectations); (b) memorized training examples; and, (c) uncommon submodes of the dataset. Further, we show how we can utilize our metrics to determine an improved ordering for curriculum learning, and impact adversarial robustness. We release all metric values on training and test sets we studied.
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cs.LG 1years
2025 1verdicts
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FairDropout: Using Example-Tied Dropout to Enhance Generalization of Minority Groups
An example-tied dropout layer that drops per-example memorizing neurons at inference improves worst-group accuracy across five spurious-correlation benchmarks.