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Revisit mixture mod- els for multi-agent simulation: Experimental study within a unified framework

4 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.

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abstract

Simulation plays a crucial role in assessing autonomous driving systems, where the generation of realistic multi-agent behaviors is a key aspect. In multi-agent simulation, the primary challenges include behavioral multimodality and closed-loop distributional shifts. In this study, we formulate a unified mixture model (UniMM) framework for generating multimodal agent behaviors, which can cover the mainstream methods including regression-based mixture models and discrete NTP models. Furthermore, we introduce a closed-loop sample generation approach tailored for mixture models to mitigate distributional shifts. Within the UniMM framework, we recognize critical configurations from both the model and data perspectives. We conduct a systematic examination of various model configurations, and comprehensively characterize their effects. Moreover, our investigation into the data configuration highlights the pivotal role of closed-loop samples in achieving realistic simulations. To extend the benefits of closed-loop samples across a broader range of mixture models, we further introduce a temporal disentanglement-and-alignment mechanism to address the shortcut learning and off-policy learning issues. Leveraging insights from our exploration, the distinct variants proposed within the UniMM framework, including discrete, anchor-free, and anchor-based models, all achieve state-of-the-art performance on the WOSAC benchmark.

years

2026 3 2025 1

representative citing papers

Bridging Local Observation and Global Simulation in Closed-Loop Traffic Modeling

cs.RO · 2026-06-30 · unverdicted · novelty 5.0

CRAFT reduces collisions by 31.2% and traffic violations by 33.2% in closed-loop traffic simulation by discovering context-induced failures in what-if rollouts and using a contextual preference evaluator to reweight autoregressive decoding toward globally coherent behaviors.

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