Cosmic rays heat inner gas clouds in NGC 5728 and boost low-ionization optical and certain mid-IR lines while high-ionization lines remain insensitive, enabling multi-wavelength separation of CR, shock, and metallicity effects.
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High CR ionization rates (above 10^-13 s^-1) in AGN and starburst models produce enhanced low-ionization emission that matches observations without super-solar metallicities and suggests revised BPT diagram boundaries.
citing papers explorer
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Cosmic-ray impact on optical and mid-infrared emission line diagnostics in NGC 5728
Cosmic rays heat inner gas clouds in NGC 5728 and boost low-ionization optical and certain mid-IR lines while high-ionization lines remain insensitive, enabling multi-wavelength separation of CR, shock, and metallicity effects.
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Cosmic Ray Ionization of Low-Excitation Lines in Active Galactic Nuclei and Starburst Galaxies
High CR ionization rates (above 10^-13 s^-1) in AGN and starburst models produce enhanced low-ionization emission that matches observations without super-solar metallicities and suggests revised BPT diagram boundaries.