Molmo VLMs trained on newly collected PixMo open datasets achieve state-of-the-art performance among open-weight models and surpass multiple proprietary VLMs including Claude 3.5 Sonnet and Gemini 1.5 Pro.
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Otter: A Multi-Modal Model with In-Context Instruction Tuning
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abstract
Recent advances in Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have unveiled great potential as visual assistants. However, most existing works focus on responding to individual instructions or using previous dialogues for contextual understanding. There is little discussion on employing both images and text as in-context examples to enhance the instruction following capability. To bridge this gap, we introduce the \textbf{Otter} model to leverage both textual and visual in-context examples for instruction tuning. Specifically, Otter builds upon Flamingo with Perceiver architecture, and has been instruction tuned for general purpose multi-modal assistant. Otter seamlessly processes multi-modal inputs, supporting modalities including text, multiple images, and dynamic video content. To support the training of Otter, we present the \textbf{MIMIC-IT} (\textbf{M}ult\textbf{I}-\textbf{M}odal \textbf{I}n-\textbf{C}ontext \textbf{I}nstruction \textbf{T}uning) dataset, which encompasses over 3 million multi-modal instruction-response pairs, including approximately 2.2 million unique instructions across a broad spectrum of images and videos. MIMIC-IT has been carefully curated to feature a diverse array of in-context examples for each entry. Comprehensive evaluations suggest that instruction tuning with these in-context examples substantially enhances model convergence and generalization capabilities. Notably, the extensive scenario coverage provided by the MIMIC-IT dataset empowers the Otter model to excel in tasks involving complex video and multi-image understanding.
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representative citing papers
MMMU-Pro is a stricter multimodal benchmark that removes text-only solvable questions, augments options, and requires reading text from images, yielding substantially lower model scores of 16.8-26.9%.
MME-RealWorld is the largest manually annotated high-resolution benchmark for MLLMs, where even the best models achieve less than 60% accuracy on challenging real-world tasks.
MMMU provides 11.5K heterogeneous college-level multimodal questions that current models solve at 56-59% accuracy, establishing a new standard for expert multimodal evaluation.
AffectVerse improves multimodal emotion recognition by at least 2.57% on nine benchmarks through an Emotion World Module that performs short-horizon latent affective prediction via cross-modal temporal imagination and belief aggregation.
EntropyScan detects backdoored LVLMs by quantifying structural anomalies in visual attention distributions on benign samples via Tsallis entropy and reference-anchored Z-score normalization.
AnchorSeg uses ordered query banks of latent reasoning tokens plus a spatial anchor token and a Token-Mask Cycle Consistency loss to achieve 67.7% gIoU and 68.1% cIoU on the ReasonSeg benchmark.
Multimodal ICL lags text-only ICL in few-shot settings due to weak cross-modal reasoning alignment and unreliable task mapping transfer, with an inference-stage method proposed to strengthen transfer.
MLVU is a new benchmark for long video understanding that uses extended videos across diverse genres and multi-task evaluations, revealing that current MLLMs struggle significantly and degrade sharply with longer durations.
Q-Align trains LMMs on discrete text-defined levels for visual scoring, achieving SOTA on IQA, IAA, and VQA while unifying the tasks in OneAlign.
SEED-Bench is a new benchmark of 19K multiple-choice questions for evaluating generative comprehension in multimodal LLMs across 12 image and video dimensions.
Large vision-language models exhibit severe object hallucination that varies with training instructions, and the proposed POPE polling method evaluates it more stably and flexibly than prior approaches.
LLaMA-Adapter turns frozen LLaMA 7B into a capable instruction follower using only 1.2M new parameters and zero-init attention, matching Alpaca while extending to image-conditioned reasoning on ScienceQA and COCO.
Deep Pre-Alignment uses a small VLM perceiver instead of ViT to pre-align visual features with LLM text space, yielding 1.9-3.0 point gains on multimodal benchmarks and 32.9% less language forgetting.
SSL-R1 reformulates visual SSL tasks into verifiable puzzles to supply rewards for RL post-training of MLLMs, yielding gains on multimodal benchmarks without external supervision.
R-CoV is a six-step region-aware chain-of-verification technique that elicits coordinate and description outputs from LVLMs themselves to detect and reduce object hallucinations without external models or retraining.
CoME-VL fuses contrastive and self-supervised vision encoders via entropy-guided multi-layer aggregation and RoPE cross-attention to improve vision-language model performance on benchmarks.
Chat-Scene++ improves 3D scene understanding in multimodal LLMs by representing scenes as context-rich object sequences with identifier tokens and grounded chain-of-thought reasoning, reaching state-of-the-art on five benchmarks using pre-trained encoders.
MM1 models achieve state-of-the-art few-shot multimodal results by pre-training on a careful mix of image-caption, interleaved, and text-only data with optimized image encoders.
SeeClick improves visual GUI agents via GUI grounding pre-training on automatically curated data and introduces the ScreenSpot benchmark, with results indicating that stronger grounding boosts downstream task performance.
MVBench is a benchmark of 20 temporal video understanding tasks built by transforming static tasks into dynamic ones, with VideoChat2 outperforming prior MLLMs by over 15%.
A new 1.2M-caption dataset generated via GPT-4V improves LMMs on MME and MMBench by 222.8/22.0/22.3 and 2.7/1.3/1.5 points respectively when used for supervised fine-tuning.
Video-LLaVA creates a unified visual representation for images and videos via pre-projection alignment, enabling mutual enhancement from joint training and strong results on image and video benchmarks.
LURE reduces object hallucination in LVLMs by 23% via post-hoc revision informed by co-occurrence, uncertainty, and text position analysis.
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Molmo VLMs trained on newly collected PixMo open datasets achieve state-of-the-art performance among open-weight models and surpass multiple proprietary VLMs including Claude 3.5 Sonnet and Gemini 1.5 Pro.
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MMMU-Pro is a stricter multimodal benchmark that removes text-only solvable questions, augments options, and requires reading text from images, yielding substantially lower model scores of 16.8-26.9%.
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AffectVerse: Emotional World Models for Multimodal Affective Computing
AffectVerse improves multimodal emotion recognition by at least 2.57% on nine benchmarks through an Emotion World Module that performs short-horizon latent affective prediction via cross-modal temporal imagination and belief aggregation.
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EntropyScan: Towards Model-level Backdoor Detection in LVLMs via Visual Attention Entropy
EntropyScan detects backdoored LVLMs by quantifying structural anomalies in visual attention distributions on benign samples via Tsallis entropy and reference-anchored Z-score normalization.
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AnchorSeg: Language Grounded Query Banks for Reasoning Segmentation
AnchorSeg uses ordered query banks of latent reasoning tokens plus a spatial anchor token and a Token-Mask Cycle Consistency loss to achieve 67.7% gIoU and 68.1% cIoU on the ReasonSeg benchmark.
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Why Multimodal In-Context Learning Lags Behind? Unveiling the Inner Mechanisms and Bottlenecks
Multimodal ICL lags text-only ICL in few-shot settings due to weak cross-modal reasoning alignment and unreliable task mapping transfer, with an inference-stage method proposed to strengthen transfer.
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MLVU: Benchmarking Multi-task Long Video Understanding
MLVU is a new benchmark for long video understanding that uses extended videos across diverse genres and multi-task evaluations, revealing that current MLLMs struggle significantly and degrade sharply with longer durations.
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Q-Align: Teaching LMMs for Visual Scoring via Discrete Text-Defined Levels
Q-Align trains LMMs on discrete text-defined levels for visual scoring, achieving SOTA on IQA, IAA, and VQA while unifying the tasks in OneAlign.
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SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehension
SEED-Bench is a new benchmark of 19K multiple-choice questions for evaluating generative comprehension in multimodal LLMs across 12 image and video dimensions.
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Evaluating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models
Large vision-language models exhibit severe object hallucination that varies with training instructions, and the proposed POPE polling method evaluates it more stably and flexibly than prior approaches.
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LLaMA-Adapter: Efficient Fine-tuning of Language Models with Zero-init Attention
LLaMA-Adapter turns frozen LLaMA 7B into a capable instruction follower using only 1.2M new parameters and zero-init attention, matching Alpaca while extending to image-conditioned reasoning on ScienceQA and COCO.
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Deep Pre-Alignment for VLMs
Deep Pre-Alignment uses a small VLM perceiver instead of ViT to pre-align visual features with LLM text space, yielding 1.9-3.0 point gains on multimodal benchmarks and 32.9% less language forgetting.
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SSL-R1: Self-Supervised Visual Reinforcement Post-Training for Multimodal Large Language Models
SSL-R1 reformulates visual SSL tasks into verifiable puzzles to supply rewards for RL post-training of MLLMs, yielding gains on multimodal benchmarks without external supervision.
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CoME-VL: Scaling Complementary Multi-Encoder Vision-Language Learning
CoME-VL fuses contrastive and self-supervised vision encoders via entropy-guided multi-layer aggregation and RoPE cross-attention to improve vision-language model performance on benchmarks.
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Chat-Scene++: Exploiting Context-Rich Object Identification for 3D LLM
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MM1: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Multimodal LLM Pre-training
MM1 models achieve state-of-the-art few-shot multimodal results by pre-training on a careful mix of image-caption, interleaved, and text-only data with optimized image encoders.
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SeeClick: Harnessing GUI Grounding for Advanced Visual GUI Agents
SeeClick improves visual GUI agents via GUI grounding pre-training on automatically curated data and introduces the ScreenSpot benchmark, with results indicating that stronger grounding boosts downstream task performance.
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MVBench: A Comprehensive Multi-modal Video Understanding Benchmark
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ShareGPT4V: Improving Large Multi-Modal Models with Better Captions
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Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projection
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Analyzing and Mitigating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models
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Aligning Large Multimodal Models with Factually Augmented RLHF
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Mitigating Hallucination in Large Multi-Modal Models via Robust Instruction Tuning
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MME: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models
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Hallucination of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey
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