C-rich AGB stars trace the Galactic warp with larger amplitudes than Cepheids at intermediate ages of about 1 Gyr.
The Vertical Structure of the Outer Milky Way HI Disk
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abstract
We examine the outer Galactic HI disk for deviations from the b=0 plane by constructing maps of disk surface density, mean height, and thickness. We find that the Galactic warp is well described by a vertical offset plus two Fourier modes of frequency 1 and 2, all of which grow with Galactocentric radius. Adding the m=2 mode accounts for the large asymmetry between the northern and southern warps. We use a Morlet wavelet transform to investigate the spatial and frequency localization of higher frequency modes; these modes are often referred to as "scalloping." We find that the m=10 and 15 scalloping modes are well above the noise, but localized; this suggests that the scalloping does not pervade the whole disk, but only local regions.
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MW-mass SIDM halos bypass core formation and enter immediate core collapse due to baryonic preconditioning, allowing the compact stellar disk and bulge to survive close pericenter passages while the diffuse halo is more easily disrupted.
citing papers explorer
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Milky Way's warped disc traced by AGB stars
C-rich AGB stars trace the Galactic warp with larger amplitudes than Cepheids at intermediate ages of about 1 Gyr.
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Bypassed Core Formation in Milky Way-Mass SIDM Halos: Implications for the Local Group Past-Pericenter Scenario
MW-mass SIDM halos bypass core formation and enter immediate core collapse due to baryonic preconditioning, allowing the compact stellar disk and bulge to survive close pericenter passages while the diffuse halo is more easily disrupted.