Sunspot umbra and penumbra are in near-perfect magnetohydrostatic equilibrium along the azimuthal direction, balancing Lorentz forces against gas pressure gradients.
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The role of the Lorentz force in sunspot equilibrium
Sunspot umbra and penumbra are in near-perfect magnetohydrostatic equilibrium along the azimuthal direction, balancing Lorentz forces against gas pressure gradients.