The authors define a locality condition for hard-mode states during inflation that unifies local effective dynamics for soft modes, suppression of loop corrections, generalized soft theorems, and absence of infrared divergences in observable correlators.
IR divergence does not affect the gauge-invariant curvature perturbation
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abstract
We address the infrared(IR) divergence problem during inflation that appears in the loop corrections to the primordial perturbations. In our previous paper, we claimed that, at least in single field models, the IR divergence is originating from the gauge artifact. Namely, diverging IR corrections should not appear in genuine gauge-invariant observables. We propose here one simple but explicit example of such gauge-invariant quantities. Then, we explicitly calculate such a quantity to find that the IR divergence is absent at the leading order in the slow-roll approximation for the usual scale invariant vacuum state. At the same time we notice that there is a subtle issue on the gauge-invariance in how to specify the initial vacuum state.
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gr-qc 2years
2026 2verdicts
UNVERDICTED 2roles
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Ward identities from large gauge symmetry impose model-independent constraints on renormalizing inflationary loops and non-perturbatively govern the infrared power spectrum evolution.
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Locality in effective field theory for inflationary soft modes
The authors define a locality condition for hard-mode states during inflation that unifies local effective dynamics for soft modes, suppression of loop corrections, generalized soft theorems, and absence of infrared divergences in observable correlators.
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Fixing the Renormalization of Inflationary Loops via Ward Identities
Ward identities from large gauge symmetry impose model-independent constraints on renormalizing inflationary loops and non-perturbatively govern the infrared power spectrum evolution.