Authors add f(R, K) to the Einstein-Hilbert action, obtain higher-derivative-free modified Friedmann equations for flat FRW, and derive a general apparent-horizon entropy expression usable for multiple entropy models.
Dynamic black-hole entropy
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abstract
We consider two non-statistical definitions of entropy for dynamic (non-stationary) black holes in spherical symmetry. The first is analogous to the original Clausius definition of thermodynamic entropy: there is a first law containing an energy-supply term which equals surface gravity times a total differential. The second is Wald's Noether-charge method, adapted to dynamic black holes by using the Kodama flow. Both definitions give the same answer for Einstein gravity: one-quarter the area of the trapping horizon.
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gr-qc 1years
2026 1verdicts
UNVERDICTED 1representative citing papers
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Modified Entropy from Action Principle
Authors add f(R, K) to the Einstein-Hilbert action, obtain higher-derivative-free modified Friedmann equations for flat FRW, and derive a general apparent-horizon entropy expression usable for multiple entropy models.