A network-effects model predicts that rising sanction risk can trigger sudden, nonlinear migration from SWIFT-like systems to alternatives such as CIPS and CBDCs.
Sanctions have evolved from narrow diplomatic tools to strategic levers capable of weaponizing financial infrastructures like SWIFT (Cipriani et al., 2023)
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Geopolitical Tensions and Financial Networks: Strategic Shifts Toward Alternatives
A network-effects model predicts that rising sanction risk can trigger sudden, nonlinear migration from SWIFT-like systems to alternatives such as CIPS and CBDCs.