An identification theorem shows that a randomized experiment and simulator together recover causal model values from confounded logs, with logs used only afterward to reduce estimation error.
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2026 3verdicts
UNVERDICTED 3representative citing papers
Calibration experiments allow empirical Bayes to learn observational bias distributions, enabling consistent causal effect estimation from observational studies.
A review organizes externally controlled trial methodology through causal estimands and identifiability assumptions for single-arm and hybrid designs with borrowing strategies.
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The Partial Testimony of Logs: Evaluation of Language Model Generation under Confounded Model Choice
An identification theorem shows that a randomized experiment and simulator together recover causal model values from confounded logs, with logs used only afterward to reduce estimation error.
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The Illusion of Learning from Observational Data: An Empirical Bayes Perspective
Calibration experiments allow empirical Bayes to learn observational bias distributions, enabling consistent causal effect estimation from observational studies.
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Externally Controlled Trials: A Review of Design and Borrowing Through a Causal Lens
A review organizes externally controlled trial methodology through causal estimands and identifiability assumptions for single-arm and hybrid designs with borrowing strategies.