A lithium-niobate-on-sapphire Mach-Zehnder modulator operates from 3.95 to 4.3 μm with a 3 dB bandwidth above 20 GHz, 34 dB extinction ratio, and 10 Gbit/s data transmission.
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics28(1), 1–9 (2021)
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Integrated thin film lithium niobate mid-infrared modulator
A lithium-niobate-on-sapphire Mach-Zehnder modulator operates from 3.95 to 4.3 μm with a 3 dB bandwidth above 20 GHz, 34 dB extinction ratio, and 10 Gbit/s data transmission.