Modified deflection angle and greybody bounds for BTZ-ModMax black holes in plasma reveal distinct effects from nonlinear electrodynamics and plasma dispersion compared to vacuum and charged cases.
Light propagation in a plasma on Kerr spacetime: Separation of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and calculation of the shadow
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abstract
We consider light propagation in a non-magnetized pressureless plasma around a Kerr black hole. We find the necessary and sufficient condition the plasma electron density has to satisfy to guarantee that the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the light rays is separable, i.e., that a generalized Carter constant exists. For all cases where this condition is satisfied we determine the photon region, i.e., the region in the spacetime where spherical light rays exist. A spherical light ray is a light ray that stays on a sphere $r = \mathrm{constant}$ (in Boyer-Lindquist coordinates). Based on these results, we calculate the shadow of a Kerr black hole under the influence of a plasma that satisfies the separability condition. More precisely, we derive an analytical formula for the boundary curve of the shadow on the sky of an observer that is located anywhere in the domain of outer communication. Several examples are worked out.
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Bardeen's definition of black hole critical curves deviates from de Vries and Grenzebach definitions in homogeneous plasma by contracting with increasing density, contrary to prior expectations.
Negative tidal charge enlarges the shadow of rotating braneworld black holes while inhomogeneous plasma shrinks it and homogeneous plasma enlarges it; EHT data limits q to roughly -1.15 to 0.45 for M87* in the low-density limit.
citing papers explorer
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Light Deflection and Greybody Bound Around a BTZ-ModMax Black Hole in Plasma Medium
Modified deflection angle and greybody bounds for BTZ-ModMax black holes in plasma reveal distinct effects from nonlinear electrodynamics and plasma dispersion compared to vacuum and charged cases.
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A note on methods for computing the critical curve of Kerr-like black holes
Bardeen's definition of black hole critical curves deviates from de Vries and Grenzebach definitions in homogeneous plasma by contracting with increasing density, contrary to prior expectations.
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Investigating the interplay of the braneworld gravity and the plasma environment on the black hole shadow
Negative tidal charge enlarges the shadow of rotating braneworld black holes while inhomogeneous plasma shrinks it and homogeneous plasma enlarges it; EHT data limits q to roughly -1.15 to 0.45 for M87* in the low-density limit.