Absolute PPT spectra form a spectrahedron with exposed faces, a kernel-rank facial calculus, and an inscribed polytope that gives tight bounds on purity, entropy, and relative volume.
Fundamental limitations on entanglement extraction from purity
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abstract
States of sufficiently low purity are separable and cannot be entangled by unital (purity-non-generating) operations. Since high-purity states are experimentally demanding, it is natural to ask how much purity a state must possess to enable entanglement generation. Absolutely separable states remain separable under all deterministic unital channels, and so cannot deterministically generate entanglement in this setting. We show, however, that some absolutely separable states can generate entanglement via probabilistic protocols that do not produce purity. This motivates the study of states that fail to generate entanglement with any non-zero probability, which we call completely absolutely separable; we give a full characterization of this class. Along the way, we derive a novel sufficient condition for separability that depends only on the largest and smallest eigenvalues, along with the smallest local dimension and is independent of all previously known spectral separability criteria.
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The geometry of absolute separability and other convex matrix properties from spectrum
Absolute PPT spectra form a spectrahedron with exposed faces, a kernel-rank facial calculus, and an inscribed polytope that gives tight bounds on purity, entropy, and relative volume.