At one loop and late time, the norm of the Hartle-Hawking no-boundary state vanishes as e^{S0}/(vol(SO(d,1)) S0^{d(d+1)/4}), and adding an observer stabilizes it to a large positive value.
Polchinski, The phase of the sum over spheres , Phys
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Norm of the no-boundary state
At one loop and late time, the norm of the Hartle-Hawking no-boundary state vanishes as e^{S0}/(vol(SO(d,1)) S0^{d(d+1)/4}), and adding an observer stabilizes it to a large positive value.