Hartree quantum fluctuations in 3+1D simulations of the Friedberg-Lee-Sirlin model produce a regime where fluctuations carry significant Noether charge, periodic charge exchange occurs, and some classically stable Q-balls become unstable.
Vibrational modes of Q-balls
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abstract
We study linear perturbations of classically stable Q-balls in theories admitting analytic solutions. Although the corresponding boundary value problem is non-Hermitian, the analysis of perturbations can also be performed analytically in certain regimes. We show that in theories with the flat potential, large Q-balls possess soft excitations. We also find a specific vibrational mode for Q-balls with a near-critical charge, where the perturbation theory for excitations can be developed. Comparing with the results on stability of Q-balls provides additional checks of our analysis.
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2026 1verdicts
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Quantum-Corrected Q-balls in the Friedberg-Lee-Sirlin Model
Hartree quantum fluctuations in 3+1D simulations of the Friedberg-Lee-Sirlin model produce a regime where fluctuations carry significant Noether charge, periodic charge exchange occurs, and some classically stable Q-balls become unstable.