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A hidden signal in Hofstadter's $H$ sequence

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abstract

The Hofstadter $H$ sequence is defined by $H(1) = 1$ and $H(n) = n-H(H(H(n-1)))$ for $n > 1$. If $\alpha$ is the real root of $x^3+x=1$ we show that the numbers $\alpha H(n) \mod 1$ are not uniformly distributed on $[0,1]$, but converge to a distribution we believe is continuous but not differentiable. This is motivated by a discovery of Steinerberger, who found a real number with similar behavior for the Ulam sequence. Our result is related with the fact that a certain sequence defined from the linear recurrence $h_n=h_{n-1}+h_{n-3}$ has the property $\|x h_n\| \rightarrow 0$ precisely for $x \in \mathbb{Z}[\alpha]$, a phenomenon we inquire for general linear recurrent sequences of integers.

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Small gaps in the Ulam sequence

math.CO · 2025-01-27 · conditional · novelty 6.0

For the Ulam sequence, this paper proves a_n <= 1.454^n for large n and proves that min_{1<=k<=n} a_{k+1}/a_k <= 1 + 7 log n / n for large n.

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  • Small gaps in the Ulam sequence math.CO · 2025-01-27 · conditional · none · ref 2 · internal anchor

    For the Ulam sequence, this paper proves a_n <= 1.454^n for large n and proves that min_{1<=k<=n} a_{k+1}/a_k <= 1 + 7 log n / n for large n.