Numerical modeling of time-dependent cosmic-ray advection and diffusion in spherically symmetric wind bubbles shows escaping spectra harder than E^{-2} during the wind-driven phase, with low-energy suppression depending on the turbulence model.
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3D MHD simulations of young massive star clusters find proton acceleration to hundreds of TeV near O-star termination shocks, with even faster acceleration to over 100 TeV in under 100 years when a supernova remnant expands inside the core.
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Time-dependent cosmic-ray escape from wind bubbles: hard spectra formation
Numerical modeling of time-dependent cosmic-ray advection and diffusion in spherically symmetric wind bubbles shows escaping spectra harder than E^{-2} during the wind-driven phase, with low-energy suppression depending on the turbulence model.
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Direct simulations of very high energy cosmic ray acceleration in 3D MHD model of a compact star cluster
3D MHD simulations of young massive star clusters find proton acceleration to hundreds of TeV near O-star termination shocks, with even faster acceleration to over 100 TeV in under 100 years when a supernova remnant expands inside the core.