Electromagnetic edge modes on bounded spacetimes with corners are treated as quantum reference frames for large gauge transformations via a state-independent C*-algebraic relativisation map, with superselection sectors labelled by external flux.
The Observer's Ghost: a field-space connection-form and its application to gauge theories and general relativity
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abstract
We introduce a functional covariant differential as a tool for studying field space geometry in a manifestly covariant way. We then touch upon its role in gauge theories and general relativity over bounded regions, and in BRST symmetry. Due to the Gribov problem, we argue that our formalism ---allowing for a non-vanishing functional curvature---is necessary for a global treatment of gauge-invariance in field space. We conclude by suggesting that the structures we introduce satisfactorily implement the notion of a (non-asymptotic) observer in gauge theories and general relativity.
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Semi-local observables, edge modes and quantum reference frames in quantum electromagnetism: an algebraic approach
Electromagnetic edge modes on bounded spacetimes with corners are treated as quantum reference frames for large gauge transformations via a state-independent C*-algebraic relativisation map, with superselection sectors labelled by external flux.