Planetary formation tracks on the HR diagram show three branches: ascending during solid accretion with L proportional to T to the 8th for in-situ planetesimals, near-horizontal during gas accretion, and descending during post-accretion cooling.
Astronomy & Astrophysics670, A74 (2023)
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Reviews direct imaging of protoplanets and proposes deriving observational estimates of planet mass-to-radius ratio to test formation models, highlighting ELT capabilities.
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Planetary formation tracks on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram: Visualising the processes of giant planet growth
Planetary formation tracks on the HR diagram show three branches: ascending during solid accretion with L proportional to T to the 8th for in-situ planetesimals, near-horizontal during gas accretion, and descending during post-accretion cooling.
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High-Contrast Imaging of Forming Protoplanets: VLTs, JWST, and the Promise of ELT
Reviews direct imaging of protoplanets and proposes deriving observational estimates of planet mass-to-radius ratio to test formation models, highlighting ELT capabilities.