Black hole mass is reinterpreted as a topological charge via new bubble spacetime solutions in first-order gravity, with the photon sphere acquiring a topological meaning.
Datt, Über eine Klasse von Lösungen der Gravitationsgleichungen der Relativität, Z
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A Topological Origin of Black Hole Mass
Black hole mass is reinterpreted as a topological charge via new bubble spacetime solutions in first-order gravity, with the photon sphere acquiring a topological meaning.