CPT is introduced as a pairwise reasoning-trace comparison stage that improves the reasoning-metacognition trade-off over standard SFT+RL pipelines across model scales.
arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.12996 , year=
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abstract
Knowledge augmentation has significantly enhanced the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks. However, existing methods typically operate on the simplistic premise that model performance equates with internal knowledge, overlooking the knowledge-confidence gaps that lead to overconfident errors or uncertain truths. To bridge this gap, we propose a novel meta-cognitive framework for reliable knowledge augmentation via differentiated intervention and alignment. Our approach leverages internal cognitive signals to partition the knowledge space into mastered, confused, and missing regions, guiding targeted knowledge expansion. Furthermore, we introduce a cognitive consistency mechanism to synchronize subjective certainty with objective accuracy, ensuring calibrated knowledge boundaries. Extensive experiments demonstrate the our framework consistently outperforms strong baselines, validating its rationality in not only enhancing knowledge capabilities but also fostering cognitive behaviors that better distinguish knowns from unknowns. All codes are available at https://github.com/AI9Stars/Know-More-Know-Clearer.
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2026 2verdicts
UNVERDICTED 2representative citing papers
LANG combines language-adaptive hint guidance, progressive decay, and difficulty-tailored learning horizons in RL to boost non-English reasoning performance while preserving language consistency.
citing papers explorer
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Enhancing LLM Metacognition via Cognitive Pairwise Training
CPT is introduced as a pairwise reasoning-trace comparison stage that improves the reasoning-metacognition trade-off over standard SFT+RL pipelines across model scales.
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LANG: Reinforcement Learning for Multilingual Reasoning with Language-Adaptive Hint Guidance
LANG combines language-adaptive hint guidance, progressive decay, and difficulty-tailored learning horizons in RL to boost non-English reasoning performance while preserving language consistency.