For six solar flares observed by STIX, the ratio of accelerated to ambient electron densities is between 0.001 and 0.015, so the Sun is a modest electron accelerator.
Determination Of Electron Flux Spectra In A Solar Flare With An Augmented Regularization Method: Application To Rhessi Data
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abstract
Kontar et al. (2004) have shown how to recover mean source electron spectra in solar flares through a physical constraint regularization analysis of the bremsstrahlung photon spectra that they produce. They emphasize the use of non-square inversion techniques, and preconditioning combined with physical properties of the spectra to achieve the most meaningful solution to the problem. Higher-order regularization techniques may be used to generate ${overline F}(E)$ forms with certain desirable properties (e.g., higher order derivatives). They further note that such analyses may be used to infer properties of the electron energy spectra at energies well above the maximum photon energy observed. In this paper we apply these techniques to data from a solar flare observed by RHESSI on 26 February, 2002. Results using different orders of regularization are presented and compared for various time intervals. Clear evidence is presented for a change in the value of the high-energy cutoff in the mean source electron spectrum with time. We also show how the construction of the injected (accelerated) electron spectrum $F_0(E_0)$ (assuming that Coulomb collisions in a cold target dominate the electron energetics) is facilitated by the use of higher-order regularization methods.
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Solar flares as electron accelerators: toward a resolution of the acceleration efficiency issue
For six solar flares observed by STIX, the ratio of accelerated to ambient electron densities is between 0.001 and 0.015, so the Sun is a modest electron accelerator.