Resource estimates show Shor's algorithm can break 256-bit ECDLP with fewer than 1450 logical qubits and 90 million Toffoli gates on fast-clock quantum hardware, enabling on-spend attacks on cryptocurrency mempools.
Aaronson, On reducing the cost of breaking RSA-2048 to 100,000 physical qubits — Shtetl-Optimized,https:// scottaaronson.blog/?p=9564(2026), accessed: 2026-03-22
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Securing Elliptic Curve Cryptocurrencies against Quantum Vulnerabilities: Resource Estimates and Mitigations
Resource estimates show Shor's algorithm can break 256-bit ECDLP with fewer than 1450 logical qubits and 90 million Toffoli gates on fast-clock quantum hardware, enabling on-spend attacks on cryptocurrency mempools.