A pair of oscillators or scalar fields with imaginary coupling has real energy levels under a modified inner product, and non-positive spectral functions are linked to non-observable operators.
Wilsonian approach to the interaction $\phi^2(i\phi)^\varepsilon$
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abstract
We study the renormalisation of the non-Hermitian $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric scalar field theory with the interaction $\phi^2(i\phi)^\varepsilon$ using the Wilsonian approach and without any expansion in $\varepsilon$. Specifically, we solve the Wetterich equation in the local potential approximation, both in the ultraviolet regime and with the loop expansion. We calculate the scale-dependent effective potential and its infrared limit. The theory is found to be renormalisable at the one-loop level only for integer values of $\varepsilon$, a result which is not yet established within the $\varepsilon$-expansion. Particular attention is therefore paid to the two interesting cases $\varepsilon=1,2$, and the one-loop beta functions for the coupling associated with the interaction $i\phi^3$ and $-\phi^4$ are computed. It is found that the $-\phi^4$ theory has asymptotic freedom in four-dimensional spacetime. Some general properties for the Euclidean partition function and $n$-point functions are also derived.
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Oscillators with imaginary coupling: spectral functions in quantum mechanics and quantum field theory
A pair of oscillators or scalar fields with imaginary coupling has real energy levels under a modified inner product, and non-positive spectral functions are linked to non-observable operators.