Ensemble simulations find linear magnetic energy growth (p_nl=1) in subsonic small-scale dynamos and quadratic growth (p_nl=2) in supersonic ones, with universal conversion efficiency ~1/100 of turbulent kinetic energy flux and nonlinear phase duration ~20 t0.
Mach Number Dependence of Turbulent Magnetic Field Amplification: Solenoidal versus Compressive Flows
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abstract
We study the growth rate and saturation level of the turbulent dynamo in magnetohydrodynamical simulations of turbulence, driven with solenoidal (divergence-free) or compressive (curl-free) forcing. For models with Mach numbers ranging from 0.02 to 20, we find significantly different magnetic field geometries, amplification rates, and saturation levels, decreasing strongly at the transition from subsonic to supersonic flows, due to the development of shocks. Both extreme types of turbulent forcing drive the dynamo, but solenoidal forcing is more efficient, because it produces more vorticity.
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The universal growth of magnetic energy during the nonlinear phase of subsonic and supersonic small-scale dynamos
Ensemble simulations find linear magnetic energy growth (p_nl=1) in subsonic small-scale dynamos and quadratic growth (p_nl=2) in supersonic ones, with universal conversion efficiency ~1/100 of turbulent kinetic energy flux and nonlinear phase duration ~20 t0.