Including speculative silicon-based life in nitrogen lakes can tighten the upper limit on the fraction of intelligent species that develop communication technology by up to a factor of six.
Life Extinctions By Cosmic Ray Bursts
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abstract
High energy cosmic ray jets from nearby mergers or accretion induced collapse (AIC) of neutron stars (NS) that hit the atmosphere can produce lethal fluxes of atmospheric muons at ground level, underground and underwater, destroy the ozone layer and radioactivate the environment. They could have caused most of the massive life extinctions on planet Earth in the past 600 My. Biological mutations due to ionizing radiations could have caused the fast appearance of new species after the massive extinctions. An early warning of future extinctions due to NS mergers may be obtained by identifying, mapping and timing all the nearby binary neutron stars systems. A warning of an approaching cosmic ray burst from a nearby NS merger/AIC may be provided by a very intense gamma ray burst which preceeds it.
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Upper limit on the fraction of alien civilizations that develop communication technology
Including speculative silicon-based life in nitrogen lakes can tighten the upper limit on the fraction of intelligent species that develop communication technology by up to a factor of six.