First simultaneous Bayesian extraction of 2πT D_s and q-hat/T^3 from D-meson R_AA and v2 at 5.02 TeV, yielding a non-monotonic temperature dependence in their ratio that deviates from the expected value of 2.
Tomography of the Quark-Gluon-Plasma by Charm Quarks
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abstract
We study charm production in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions by using the Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) transport approach. The initial charm quarks are produced by the Pythia event generator tuned to fit the transverse momentum spectrum and rapidity distribution of charm quarks from Fixed-Order Next-to-Leading Logarithm (FONLL) calculations. The produced charm quarks scatter in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) with the off-shell partons whose masses and widths are given by the Dynamical Quasi-Particle Model (DQPM) which reproduces the lattice QCD equation-of-state in thermal equilibrium. The relevant cross section are calculated in a consistent way by employing the effective propagators and couplings from the DQPM. Close to the critical energy density of the phase transition, the charm quarks are hadronized into $D$ mesons through coalescence and/or fragmentation depending on transverse momentum. The hadronized $D$ mesons then interact with the various hadrons in the hadronic phase with cross sections calculated in an effective lagrangian approach with heavy-quark spin symmetry. Finally, the nuclear modification factor $\rm R_{AA}$ and the elliptic flow $v_2$ of $D^0$ mesons from PHSD are compared with the experimental data from the STAR Collaboration for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ =200 GeV. We find that in the PHSD the energy loss of $D$ mesons at high $p_T$ can be dominantly attributed to partonic scattering while the actual shape of $\rm R_{AA}$ versus $p_T$ reflects the heavy quark hadronization scenario, i.e. coalescence versus fragmentation. Also the hadronic rescattering is important for the $\rm R_{AA}$ at low $p_T$ and enhances the $D$-meson elliptic flow $v_2$.
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Event-shape engineering via q2 selection in 0-10% and 30-50% Pb-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV is shown to separate geometry-driven flow from hadronization-time effects, producing a positive growing Δv2(D0-Ds+) and species-dependent χ slope only in the sequential scenario.
Sequential hadronization predicts v2(D0) > v2(Ds+) from extra partonic flow accumulated by D0 parents between 1.2 Tc and Tc, with universal linear scaling of the hadronic splitting across O-O and Pb-Pb systems.
Time-correlated thermal noise modeled with a fractional derivative substantially alters heavy quark momentum correlations, displacement, and transverse-momentum moments in hot QCD matter.
Simulations indicate that heavy-ion collisions enhance the visibility of charmed-meson femtoscopic correlations compared to pp collisions, providing a probe for exotic hadronic states.
Remler formalism with in-medium heavy-quark potential describes charmonium yields at SPS energies and supplies estimates for FAIR energies after calibration on p+p and p+A collisions.
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