De Sitter space decays into vortex-dressed black holes via a regular Euclidean instanton that generalizes the Nariai solution, with rates organized by topological charge of the vortices.
Charged Nariai Black Holes With a Dilaton
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abstract
The Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black holes of standard Einstein-Maxwell theory with a cosmological constant have no analogue in dilatonic theories with a Liouville potential. The only exception are the solutions of maximal mass, the Charged Nariai solutions. We show that the structure of the solution space of the Dilatonic Charged Nariai black holes is quite different from the non-dilatonic case. Its dimensionality depends on the exponential coupling constants of the dilaton. We discuss the possibility of pair creating such black holes on a suitable background. We find conditions for the existence of Charged Nariai solutions in theories with general dilaton potentials, and consider specifically a massive dilaton.
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Semiclassical decay of de Sitter space into black holes with vortex-deformed horizons
De Sitter space decays into vortex-dressed black holes via a regular Euclidean instanton that generalizes the Nariai solution, with rates organized by topological charge of the vortices.
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Nucleated black holes in de Sitter space evaporate via standard Hawking radiation back to the empty vacuum, rendering nucleation a temporary fluctuation.