In a curvature-coupled propagation framework for modified gravity, gravitational-wave lensing in wave optics shows persistent infrared interactions that prevent the amplification factor from approaching unity at zero frequency, requiring an interacting Green function and partial-wave treatment.
More on the Bending of Light in Quantum Gravity
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abstract
We reconsider the long-range effects of the scattering of massless scalars and photons from a massive scalar object in quantum gravity. At the one-loop level, the relevant quantum mechanical corrections could be sorted into the graviton double-cut contributions, massless-scalar double-cut contributions and photon double-cut contributions. In arXiv:1410.7590 and 1609.07477 N.E.J. Bjerrum-Bohr et al. have considered explicitly the implications of the graviton double-cut contributions on the gravitational bending of light and some classical formulations of the equivalence principle, using the modern double-copy constructions and on-shell unitarity techniques. In this article, instead we consider all three contributions and redo the analysis using the traditional Feynman diagrammatic approach. Our results on the graviton double-cut contributions agree with the aforementioned references, which acts as a nontrivial check of previous computations. Furthermore, it turns out that the massless-scalar double-cut contributions and the photon double-cut contributions do leave non-vanishing quantum effects on the scattering amplitudes and the gravitational bending of light. Yet, we find that the general structure of the gravitational amplitudes and the quantum discrepancy of the equivalence principle suggested in the aforementioned references remain intact.
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Tree-level graviton exchange yields Newtonian potentials plus spin-dependent corrections at O(G) for massive spin-2 scattering off scalars, vectors, and fermions, plus the leading spin-independent O(G^2) term for spin-2 plus scalar.
The ξ R φ² non-minimal coupling produces a leading r^{-4} long-range gravitational potential from one-loop 2-2 scattering amplitudes in perturbative quantum gravity with vanishing cosmological constant, with explicit spin dependence for other fields.
Metric-affine gravity formulates equivalence principle violations via non-metricity that parallel finite-temperature mass-ratio shifts, and a generalized Fermi-Walker derivative shows no orthonormal tetrad propagates along observer worldlines.
citing papers explorer
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Wave-optics gravitational wave lensing in modified gravity
In a curvature-coupled propagation framework for modified gravity, gravitational-wave lensing in wave optics shows persistent infrared interactions that prevent the amplification factor from approaching unity at zero frequency, requiring an interacting Green function and partial-wave treatment.
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Scattering of massive spin-2 field via graviton exchanges with different spin fields and the long range gravitational potential
Tree-level graviton exchange yields Newtonian potentials plus spin-dependent corrections at O(G) for massive spin-2 scattering off scalars, vectors, and fermions, plus the leading spin-independent O(G^2) term for spin-2 plus scalar.
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$\xi R\phi^2$ non-minimal coupling, and the long range gravitational potential for different spin fields from 2-2 scattering amplitudes
The ξ R φ² non-minimal coupling produces a leading r^{-4} long-range gravitational potential from one-loop 2-2 scattering amplitudes in perturbative quantum gravity with vanishing cosmological constant, with explicit spin dependence for other fields.
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Equivalence Principle violation in metric-affine gravity and finite-temperature effects
Metric-affine gravity formulates equivalence principle violations via non-metricity that parallel finite-temperature mass-ratio shifts, and a generalized Fermi-Walker derivative shows no orthonormal tetrad propagates along observer worldlines.