Statistical analysis of energy data falsifies the 1% exponential growth in the Kardashev model, shows linear extrapolation yields a 1.6E15-year Type II timescale, and introduces the KSN renormalization B(t) = P(t)/H(t) spanning 14 orders of magnitude.
arXiv e-prints , arXiv:1510.07674
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COLIBRE simulations with SKIRT post-processing match observed galaxy luminosity functions from FUV to submm at z=0, except underpredicting bright mid-IR galaxies.
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Kardashev's Conundrum: Statistical Falsification of the Standard Kardashev Model and the Kardashev--Sagan--Nakamoto Resolution
Statistical analysis of energy data falsifies the 1% exponential growth in the Kardashev model, shows linear extrapolation yields a 1.6E15-year Type II timescale, and introduces the KSN renormalization B(t) = P(t)/H(t) spanning 14 orders of magnitude.
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Galaxy luminosity functions from far-UV to submillimetre at $z=0$ in the COLIBRE simulations
COLIBRE simulations with SKIRT post-processing match observed galaxy luminosity functions from FUV to submm at z=0, except underpredicting bright mid-IR galaxies.