Strongly interacting dark matter described by a first-principles G2 gauge-theory equation of state can be mixed into neutron stars while remaining compatible with current observational constraints.
Dark-Matter Admixed Neutron Stars
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abstract
We study the hydrostatic equilibrium configuration of an admixture of degenerate dark matter and normal nuclear matter by using a general relativistic two-fluid formalism. We consider non- self-annihilating dark matter particles of mass ~ 1 GeV. The mass-radius relations and moments of inertia of these dark-matter admixed neutron stars are investigated and the stability of these stars is demonstrated by performing a radial perturbation analysis. We find a new class of compact stars which consists of a small normal matter core with radius of a few km embedded in a ten-kilometer- sized dark matter halo. These stellar objects may be observed as extraordinarily small neutron stars that are incompatible with realistic nuclear matter models.
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Increasing the bosonic dark matter fraction in admixed neutron stars shifts axial quasi-normal mode frequencies and damping times, can reorder mode hierarchy, and drives a transition from neutron-star-like to boson-star-like ringdown behavior.
Dark matter admixed neutron stars show up to 12% thinner crusts and higher torsional oscillation frequencies than pure neutron stars when dark matter forms a core, with analytical formulas matching numerics at sub-percent level.
A small vacuum-like dark-energy admixture in neutron stars with 400 MeV–1 GeV fermionic dark matter shrinks halo-induced radius differences from several kilometers to sub-kilometer scales and mass differences to ≲1%.
Current and future observations can test whether dark compact objects are Kerr black holes or exotic alternatives, with null results strengthening the black hole paradigm.
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