Transformers develop four algorithmic phases of in-context learning on Markov chains via two distinct multi-layer subcircuit mechanisms, with phase boundaries set by data diversity K.
If we set F1 = 0, the dynamics change qualitatively.F 1 is non-zero due to subtle correlations betweensN−1 ands N+1
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Distinct mechanisms underlying in-context learning in transformers
Transformers develop four algorithmic phases of in-context learning on Markov chains via two distinct multi-layer subcircuit mechanisms, with phase boundaries set by data diversity K.