Fluorine adatoms on silver appear as depressions or sombreros in STM because oxidation contracts the silver 5s orbitals while fluorine 2p orbitals protrude at negative bias.
Strong Superexchange in a $d^{9-{\delta}}$ Nickelate Revealed by Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering
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abstract
The discovery of superconductivity in a $d^{9-{\delta}}$ nickelate has inspired disparate theoretical perspectives regarding the essential physics of this class of materials. A key issue is the magnitude of the magnetic superexchange, which relates to whether cuprate-like high-temperature nickelate superconductivity could be realized. We address this question using Ni L-edge and O K-edge spectroscopy of the reduced trilayer nickelate $d^{9-1/3}$ La4Ni3O8 and associated theoretical modeling. A magnon energy scale of ~80 meV resulting from a nearest-neighbor magnetic exchange of $J = 69(4)4$ meV is observed, proving that $d^{9-{\delta}}$ nickelates can host a large superexchange. This value, along with that of the Ni-O hybridization estimated from our O K-edge data, implies that trilayer nickelates represent an intermediate case between the infinite-layer nickelates and the cuprates, and suggests that they represent a promising route towards higher-temperature nickelate superconductivity.
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How orbitals and oxidation states determine apparent topographies in scanning tunneling microscopy: the case of fluorine on silver surfaces
Fluorine adatoms on silver appear as depressions or sombreros in STM because oxidation contracts the silver 5s orbitals while fluorine 2p orbitals protrude at negative bias.