Derives Smarr formula from generalized Komar charge in 4D Einstein-NLED theories by treating coupling constant as dynamical field, and analyzes thermodynamics of regular Bardeen black hole.
First law and Smarr formula of black hole mechanics in nonlinear gauge theories
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abstract
Motivated by the fact that Bardeen black holes do not satisfy the usual first law and Smarr formula, we derive a generalized first law from the Lagrangian of nonlinear gauge field coupled to gravity. In our treatment, the Lagrangian is a function of the electromagnetic invariant as well as some additional parameters. Consequently, we obtain new terms in the first law. With our formula, we find the correct forms of the first law for Bardeen black holes and Born-Infeld black holes. By scaling arguments, we also derive a general Smarr formula from the first law. Our results apply to a wide class of black holes with nonlinear gauge fields.
fields
gr-qc 2years
2026 2verdicts
UNVERDICTED 2representative citing papers
Generalized Bardeen black holes show two topological defects of opposite winding numbers yielding zero total charge in their thermodynamic vector field, unlike Schwarzschild's single unstable branch, with regularization parameters shaping the phase structure.
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