Resource estimates show Shor's algorithm can break 256-bit ECDLP with fewer than 1450 logical qubits and 90 million Toffoli gates on fast-clock quantum hardware, enabling on-spend attacks on cryptocurrency mempools.
Ruffing, The post-quantum security of bitcoin’s taproot as a commitment scheme, Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2025/1307 (2025)
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Securing Elliptic Curve Cryptocurrencies against Quantum Vulnerabilities: Resource Estimates and Mitigations
Resource estimates show Shor's algorithm can break 256-bit ECDLP with fewer than 1450 logical qubits and 90 million Toffoli gates on fast-clock quantum hardware, enabling on-spend attacks on cryptocurrency mempools.