Hawking radiation of a large black hole terminates near the scrambling time under SFT-style nonlocal smearing, producing a macroscopic remnant instead of complete evaporation.
Perturbative Approach to Higher Derivative Theories with Fermions
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abstract
We extend the perturbative approach developed in an earlier work to deal with Lagrangians which have arbitrary higher order time derivative terms for both bosons and fermions. This approach enables us to find an effective Lagrangian with only first time derivatives order by order in the coupling constant. As in the pure bosonic case, to the first order, the quantized Hamiltonian is bounded from below whenever the potential is. We show in the example of a single complex fermion that higher derivative interactions result in an effective mass and change of vacuum for the low energy modes. The supersymmetric noncommutative Wess-Zumino model is considered as another example. We also comment on the higher derivative terms in Witten's string field theory and the effectiveness of level truncation.
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Macroscopic Black-Hole Remnants in a Nonlocal Field Theory: Towards Hawking Radiation in SFT
Hawking radiation of a large black hole terminates near the scrambling time under SFT-style nonlocal smearing, producing a macroscopic remnant instead of complete evaporation.