A closed-form downlink spectral efficiency expression and a max-min fairness optimization are derived for STAR-RIS-aided cell-free massive MIMO under hardware impairments, phase noise, and RIS phase errors.
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Performance Analysis and Optimization of STAR-RIS-Aided Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems Relying on Imperfect Hardware
A closed-form downlink spectral efficiency expression and a max-min fairness optimization are derived for STAR-RIS-aided cell-free massive MIMO under hardware impairments, phase noise, and RIS phase errors.