Unsupervised embedding proxies for social constructs are non-identified mixtures of target and confounders, so the Construct Validity Protocol plus Counterfactual Neutralization are required to turn them into defensible measures.
Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics , volume=
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Analyses of labeled social media sentences and interpretations show 30% divergence in ethos and pathos, greater variability for charged content, and predictive power for audience attitudes toward the author.
Annotation disagreement on toxic language can be moderately predicted from textual features, with high-opposition items proving harder for models to estimate accurately.
citing papers explorer
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The Proxy Presumption: From Semantic Embeddings to Valid Social Measures
Unsupervised embedding proxies for social constructs are non-identified mixtures of target and confounders, so the Construct Validity Protocol plus Counterfactual Neutralization are required to turn them into defensible measures.
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How Ethos and Pathos Appeals Resonate in Reader Interpretations of Social Media Messages
Analyses of labeled social media sentences and interpretations show 30% divergence in ethos and pathos, greater variability for charged content, and predictive power for audience attitudes toward the author.
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Quantifying and Predicting Disagreement in Graded Human Ratings
Annotation disagreement on toxic language can be moderately predicted from textual features, with high-opposition items proving harder for models to estimate accurately.