Impurity-induced density ripples in a nodal superconductor carry a vortex whose integer vorticity equals the topological winding difference of the wavefunctions at the two connected nodes, under explicit conditions on the impurity and the STM tip.
An ideal impurity such as adatom that scatters only in B (meaning that VA = 0), and with a tip that couples equally to A and B states, gives us χM = 1 and χV = 0
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Detecting the topological winding of superconducting nodes via Local Density of States
Impurity-induced density ripples in a nodal superconductor carry a vortex whose integer vorticity equals the topological winding difference of the wavefunctions at the two connected nodes, under explicit conditions on the impurity and the STM tip.