QCM-QAM 4D constellations achieve better nonlinear tolerance than standard formats, with GMI gains of 0.09-0.24 bit/4D-sym and 0.9-1.8% reach extensions in unrepeatered fiber systems.
List-Encoding CCDM: A Nonlinearity-Tolerant Shaper Aided by Energy Dispersion Index,
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Quasi-Constant Modulus Design for Nonlinearity-Tolerant Geometric Shaped Four Dimensional Modulation Format
QCM-QAM 4D constellations achieve better nonlinear tolerance than standard formats, with GMI gains of 0.09-0.24 bit/4D-sym and 0.9-1.8% reach extensions in unrepeatered fiber systems.