Fluorine adatoms on silver appear as depressions or sombreros in STM because oxidation contracts the silver 5s orbitals while fluorine 2p orbitals protrude at negative bias.
A viable path for such an exchange reaction process is that an Ag atom from the surface mi- grates to a kink along a step of the surface [54]
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How orbitals and oxidation states determine apparent topographies in scanning tunneling microscopy: the case of fluorine on silver surfaces
Fluorine adatoms on silver appear as depressions or sombreros in STM because oxidation contracts the silver 5s orbitals while fluorine 2p orbitals protrude at negative bias.