Lattice simulations show that on T2 x R2 with twisted boundary conditions, the SU(2) vacuum is a Poissonian 2D gas of fractional instantons, with string tension proportional to the gas density and approaching the infinite-volume value.
Do classical configurations produce Confinement?
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abstract
We show that certain classical SU(2) pure gauge configurations give rise to a non-zero string tension. We then investigate cooled configurations generated by Monte Carlo simulations on the lattice and find similar properties. We infer evidence in favour of a classical model of Confinement.
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A $T_2 \times R^2$ roadmap to Confinement in SU(2) Yang-Mills theory
Lattice simulations show that on T2 x R2 with twisted boundary conditions, the SU(2) vacuum is a Poissonian 2D gas of fractional instantons, with string tension proportional to the gas density and approaching the infinite-volume value.