In an NJL model, the electromagnetic scale anomaly creates a thermal potential barrier proportional to |eB|^3 |P|/(P^2 + m0^2), making the theta = pi CP transition first order.
Spontaneous violation of CP symmetry in the strong interactions
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Some time ago Dashen pointed out that spontaneous CP violation can occur in the strong interactions. I show how a simple effective Lagrangian exposes the remarkably large domain of quark mass parameters for which this occurs. I close with some warnings for lattice simulations.
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First-order CP phase transition in two-flavor QCD at $\theta = \pi$ under electromagnetic scale anomaly via a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio description
In an NJL model, the electromagnetic scale anomaly creates a thermal potential barrier proportional to |eB|^3 |P|/(P^2 + m0^2), making the theta = pi CP transition first order.