Continuous-universe decomposition plus (-1)-form gauging eliminates every instanton in local QFTs, realized explicitly by switching 2D U(1) gauge theories to noncompact R gauge groups.
Two Dimensional QCD is a String Theory
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abstract
The partition function of two dimensional QCD on a Riemann surface of area $A$ is expanded as a power series in $1/N$ and $A$. It is shown that the coefficients of this expansion are precisely determined by a sum over maps from a two dimensional surface onto the two dimensional target space. Thus two dimensional QCD has a simple interpretation as a closed string theory.
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Total instanton restriction via multiverse interference: Noncompact gauge theories and (-1)-form symmetries
Continuous-universe decomposition plus (-1)-form gauging eliminates every instanton in local QFTs, realized explicitly by switching 2D U(1) gauge theories to noncompact R gauge groups.