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Calibrate-then-act: Cost-aware exploration in llm agents

5 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.

5 Pith papers citing it
abstract

LLM agents are deployed in environments where they must interact to acquire information. In these scenarios, the agent must reason about inherent cost-uncertainty tradeoffs in how to act, such as when to stop exploring and commit to an answer. For instance, on a programming task, an agent might run the code it generates, or it might generate tests for that code snippet; the cost of writing and running a test is nonzero, but typically lower than the cost of running buggy code. In this work, we show that we can induce LLM agents to explicitly reason about balancing these cost-uncertainty tradeoffs, then act more optimally in their environments. We formalize multiple tasks, including retrieval-augmented QA and a file reading coding task, as sequential decision-making problems under uncertainty. Each problem has latent environment state that impacts the agent's performance. We introduce a framework called Calibrate-Then-Act (CTA), where we pass the agent an inferred prior about this environment state to enable it to act more optimally. This information qualitatively changes agent behavior, and adds environment sensitivity to the agent which is not learned via standard RL training. Our results on a synthetic task, QA, and file reading show that making cost-benefit tradeoffs explicit with CTA helps agents discover more optimal decision-making strategies.

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2026 5

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UNVERDICTED 5

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representative citing papers

ATLAS: Agentic Test-time Learning-to-Allocate Scaling

cs.LG · 2026-06-01 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

ATLAS introduces an LLM-orchestrated agentic framework for dynamic test-time scaling via extensible 'explore' actions, achieving higher accuracy with fewer API calls than fixed-workflow baselines on four benchmarks.

QuantClaw: Precision Where It Matters for OpenClaw

cs.AI · 2026-04-24 · unverdicted · novelty 6.0

QuantClaw dynamically routes precision in agent workflows to cut cost by up to 21.4% and latency by 15.7% while keeping or improving task performance.

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