Continuum-extrapolated lattice QCD simulations with complex Langevin produce the equation of state at high baryon chemical potentials above the crossover temperature at the physical point.
Correctness criteria for complex Langevin
3 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
The complex Langevin approach is a promising method for the numerical treatment of systems with a sign problem, for which conventional lattice field theory techniques based on importance sampling cannot be applied. However, complex Langevin dynamics may fail to converge in some cases and converge to a wrong limit in others, motivating the development of various diagnostic tools over the years to assess the correctness of given simulation results. This work aims at providing a systematic comparison between the most prominent such correctness criteria. In particular, the main goal is to contrast their applicability, ease of use, and - most importantly - their predictive power. To this end, four simple but nontrivial models are considered and the criteria applied to each of them. The obtained conclusions are expected to carry over to more realistic theories as well.
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years
2026 3verdicts
UNVERDICTED 3representative citing papers
Complex Langevin simulations of the deformed Lorentzian type IIB matrix model show emergence of smooth (3+1)-dimensional expanding spacetime with real space and time.
Reviews approaches such as Lefschetz thimbles, complex Langevin dynamics, dual variables, tensor renormalization group, and machine learning to control the sign problem in lattice field theories.
citing papers explorer
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Finite-density equation of state of hot QCD using the complex Langevin equation
Continuum-extrapolated lattice QCD simulations with complex Langevin produce the equation of state at high baryon chemical potentials above the crossover temperature at the physical point.
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The emergence of (3+1)-dimensional expanding spacetime from complex Langevin simulations of the Lorentzian type IIB matrix model with deformations
Complex Langevin simulations of the deformed Lorentzian type IIB matrix model show emergence of smooth (3+1)-dimensional expanding spacetime with real space and time.
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Lattice field theories with a sign problem
Reviews approaches such as Lefschetz thimbles, complex Langevin dynamics, dual variables, tensor renormalization group, and machine learning to control the sign problem in lattice field theories.