A unified thermodynamic analysis of nonsecular master equations shows consistent second-law compliance via microscopic entropy production, with transient differences from Spohn inequality and no cyclic work extractable from non-Gibbs steady states under a single bath.
Introduction to Quantum Thermodynamics: History and Prospects
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abstract
Quantum Thermodynamics is a continuous dialogue between two independent theories: Thermodynamics and Quantum Mechanics. Whenever the two theories addressed the same phenomena new insight has emerged. We follow the dialogue from equilibrium Quantum Thermodynamics and the notion of entropy and entropy inequalities which are the base of the II-law. Dynamical considerations lead to non-equilibrium thermodynamics of quantum Open Systems. The central part played by completely positive maps is discussed leading to the Gorini-Kossakowski-Lindblad-Sudarshan GKLS equation. We address the connection to thermodynamics through the system-bath weak-coupling-limit WCL leading to dynamical versions of the I-law. The dialogue has developed through the analysis of quantum engines and refrigerators. Reciprocating and continuous engines are discussed. The autonomous quantum absorption refrigerator is employed to illustrate the III-law. Finally, we describe some open questions and perspectives.
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A quantum Zeno dynamics protocol confines the evolution of a finite-time Otto-cycle quantum heat engine to a subspace that preserves instantaneous energy populations, recovering quasistatic efficiency with added thermodynamic costs from monitoring and switching.
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Review of formalizations of non-Markovian dynamics and memory kernels in open quantum systems, contrasting with classical stochastic processes.
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A unified thermodynamic analysis of nonsecular master equations shows consistent second-law compliance via microscopic entropy production, with transient differences from Spohn inequality and no cyclic work extractable from non-Gibbs steady states under a single bath.
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Review of formalizations of non-Markovian dynamics and memory kernels in open quantum systems, contrasting with classical stochastic processes.