A uniform linear array can focus energy at a point only if it is at least about 4.4 wavelengths long; the paper gives closed-form limits on the focusing distance versus elevation angle.
Spherical-wave model for sho rt-range MIMO,
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Beamfocusing Capabilities of a Uniform Linear Array in the Holographic Regime
A uniform linear array can focus energy at a point only if it is at least about 4.4 wavelengths long; the paper gives closed-form limits on the focusing distance versus elevation angle.