Ultraheavy nuclei have longer energy loss lengths at ≲300 EeV than lighter nuclei, allowing them to explain UHECRs above 100 EeV from sources like collapsars and neutron star mergers while predicting distinct shower maxima.
Observation of the suppression of the flux of cosmic rays above 4x10^19eV
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abstract
The energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5x10^18eV, derived from 20,000 events recorded at the Pierre Auger Observatory, is described. The spectral index gamma of the flux, J ~ E^-gamma, at energies between 4x10^18eV and 4x10^19eV is 2.69+-0.02(stat)+-0.06(syst), steepening to 4.2+-0.4(stat)+-0.06(syst) at higher energies, consistent with the prediction by Greisen and by Zatsepin and Kuz'min.
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BL Lacs remain consistent with UHECR observations while FSRQs are disfavoured by anisotropy and source density mismatches after propagation modeling.
Recent high and ultrahigh energy neutrino detections open a new observational window to the universe by revealing sources and processes inaccessible via photons.
citing papers explorer
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Ultraheavy Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays
Ultraheavy nuclei have longer energy loss lengths at ≲300 EeV than lighter nuclei, allowing them to explain UHECRs above 100 EeV from sources like collapsars and neutron star mergers while predicting distinct shower maxima.
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Study of Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars and BL Lacertae Objects as Sources of Diffusive Ultra High-Energy Cosmic Rays
BL Lacs remain consistent with UHECR observations while FSRQs are disfavoured by anisotropy and source density mismatches after propagation modeling.
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Particle Astrophysics with High and Ultrahigh Energy Neutrinos
Recent high and ultrahigh energy neutrino detections open a new observational window to the universe by revealing sources and processes inaccessible via photons.